2016  R’000			2015  R’000
16.	DEFERRED TAXATION
	Deferred taxation assets	491 766			338 932
	Deferred taxation liabilities	(524 243)			(254 971)
	Net deferred taxation liability	(32 477)			83 961
	Movement in net deferred taxation assets and liabilities
	Balance at beginning of year	83 961			181 979
	Per consolidated statement of profit or loss	(48 953)			32 061
	Items recognised directly in equity and other comprehensive income	39 838			6 741
	On acquisition of businesses	5 695			(100 482)
	On disposal of businesses	(1 514)			–
	Transfer as a result of unbundling	(163 926)			–
	Exchange rate adjustments	52 422			(36 338)
		(32 477)			83 961

		Assets  R’000	Liabilities  R’000	Net  R’000
	Temporary differences
	2016
	Differential between carrying values and taxation values of property, plant and equipment	(52 102)	(269 344)	(321 446)
	Differential between carrying values and taxation values of intangible assets	26 188	(138 140)	(111 952)
	Estimated taxation losses	104 049	11 388	115 437
	Staff-related allowances and liabilities	222 633	(200 821)	21 812
	Operating lease liabilities	3 987	31	4 018
	Inventories	13 650	273	13 923
	Investments	–	(36 077)	(36 077)
	Trade and other receivables	55 178	14 573	69 751
	Trade, other payables and provisions	118 183	93 874	212 057
		491 766	(524 243)	(32 477)
	2015
	Differential between carrying values and taxation values of property, plant and equipment	(43 506)	(166 582)	(210 088)
	Differential between carrying values and taxation values of intangible assets	17 606	(134 242)	(116 636)
	Estimated taxation losses	45 580	2 169	47 749
	Staff-related allowances and liabilities	170 203	10 713	180 916
	Operating lease liabilities	422	37	459
	Inventories	10 311	–	10 311
	Trade and other receivables	35 757	6 098	41 855
	Trade, other payables and provisions	102 559	26 836	129 395
		338 932	(254 971)	83 961

Deferred taxation has been provided at rates ranging between 5% and 36% (2015: 12% and 35%). The variance in rates arises as a result of the differing taxation rates present in the various countries in which the group operates.