Notes to the consolidated financial statements Note 15

      2017 
R'000
 
   2016 
R'000 
  
15.  GOODWILL            
   Carrying value at beginning of year  13 184 782     11 338 647    
   Acquisition of businesses  1 417 544     486 542    
   Disposal of businesses  (23 184)    (18 468)   
   Transfer as a result of unbundling  –     61 493    
   Impairment of goodwill  (176 174)    –    
   Exchange rate adjustments  (1 611 815)    1 316 568    
   Carrying value at end of year  12 791 153     13 184 782    
   The carrying amount of goodwill was allocated to cash-generating units (CGUs) as follows:             
      Bidfood Australasia  2 588 508     2 878 106    
      Bidfood United Kingdom  2 655 455     3 045 727    
      Bidfood Europe  6 318 324     5 888 235    
      Bidfood Emerging Markets  1 228 866     1 372 714    
      12 791 153     13 184 782    
 

Goodwill acquired through business combinations is allocated for impairment testing purposes to CGUs which reflect how it is monitored for internal management purposes, namely the various segments of the group. The carrying amount of goodwill was subject to an annual impairment test using either the fair value less costs to sell method or the discounted cash flow method. The recoverable amount was determined by using the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and the discounted cash flow for each CGU.

The following impairments were recorded during the year:

  • £9 million (R155,1 million) (2016: £nil) was recorded against goodwill relating to PCL Transport 24/7 Limited.
  • £1,2 million (R21,1 million) (2016: £nil) was recorded against goodwill relating to Aktaes Holdings AS.

Fair value less costs to sell method

The calculations used projected annualised earnings based on actual operating results. A price earnings multiple was applied to obtain the recoverable amount for each business unit. The earnings yields are considered to be consistent with similar companies within the industry and geographic segments. An average price earnings multiple of 11,4 (2016: 12,7) was used in the valuation of Bidfood Europe, 11,5 (2016: 12,9) for Bidfood United Kingdom, 13,0 (2016: 13,0) for Bidfood Australasia, and 11,7 (2016: 14,1) for Bidfood Emerging Markets.

Discounted cash flow method

The table below illustrates the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), cash flow growth, and terminal growth rates that were used in the discounted cash flow valuations for each of the CGUs.

    WACC rates Cash flow growth rate Terminal growth rate
    2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
  Bidfood Australasia 5,5 – 7% 10% 3 – 5% 3 – 5% 1,5% 2%
  Bidfood United Kingdom 5,5 – 14,1% 10% 2 – 5% 3 – 5% 1 – 2,5% 2%
  Bidfood Europe 5,2 – 10,5% 4% – 10% 3 – 12% 0 – 10% 1 – 2% 2 – 3%
  Bidfood Emerging Markets 8 – 17,5% 10% 8 – 12% 1 – 7% 2% 2 – 5%

  With the exception of the impairments noted for PCL Transport 24/7 Limited and Aktaes Holdings AS, other CGU valuations resulted in significant surpluses over carrying values of the CGUs and thus the directors believe that a reasonably possible change in the WACC, cash flow growth, terminal growth rates and PE multiples, would not result in an impairment of the carrying value of goodwill. The valuation method is consistent with that used in the prior years and is considered a level 3 type valuation in accordance with IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements Note 15